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来源：彩云网手机版APP2024-07-27 17:48

中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

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俄罗斯学者：“中国奇迹”彰显中国制度优势******

　　(中共二十大·声音)俄罗斯学者：“中国奇迹”彰显中国制度优势

　　中新社莫斯科10月22日电 (记者田冰)中共二十大22日在北京闭幕。俄罗斯科学院中国与现代亚洲研究所“俄罗斯、中国、世界”中心高级研究员安德烈·达维多夫在接受记者专访时表示，中国的制度优势创造了中国式发展奇迹。

　　达维多夫表示，中共二十大报告聚焦了中国近年来发展成就和未来发展规划。今天，中国在国际舞台上的地位和影响，得益于过去十年在经济等各领域取得的重大成就。

　　达维多夫指出，二十大报告中重申坚决反对一切形式的霸权主义和强权政治，反对冷战思维，反对干涉别国内政，反对搞双重标准。此外，中国致力于推动构建人类命运共同体，坚定维护国际公平正义，毫不动摇反对任何单边主义、保护主义、霸凌行径。这是中国、俄罗斯和国际社会构建多极世界的共同心声，是对霸凌式单极世界秩序模式的直接回应。

　　达维多夫说，中国共产党成立至今的百年来，发生了许多重大历史事件，使中国共产党成为中国最有影响力和智慧的政治力量。他印象最深刻的是中国共产党建设中国特色社会主义所取得的伟大成就，以及中国共产党对中国社会的有效领导。他说，特别引人注意的是，在做出根本性决定时，中国共产党考虑到了整个中华民族心态的主要特征——平衡、规律性、稳步前行，避免了因匆忙、草率和考虑不周引发的后果。这就是中国的制度优势。

　　“在我看来，正是这不同寻常的道路——中国特色社会主义道路，使中国模式对其他国家具有吸引力，为其他国家开辟了更广泛的交流借鉴机会，并指明了为更美好和更幸福的生活奠定基础的新途径和前景。”达维多夫说。

　　谈到中俄关系时，这位学者表示，在过去十年中，俄中双方贸易额大幅增长，两国关系深度提升。但他认为，俄中关系进一步发展和加强的潜力仍存。除贸易和经济外，俄罗斯和中国在深化政治和人文等领域有着深厚基础，在扩大教育和科技创新交流方面拥有良好机遇。未来，双方应共同努力，再创辉煌。“两国人民应该意识到，俄中友好，不仅仅停留在言语上，而是体现在行动上，俄中友谊已经迈入新时代、新阶段。”(完)

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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