中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
构建发展新格局 建设世界级旅游目的地******
党的二十大回顾总结了过去五年的工作和新时代十年的伟大变革,阐述了开辟马克思主义中国化时代化新境界、中国式现代化的中国特色和本质要求等重大问题,对全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴进行了战略部署。党的二十大报告,是党团结带领全国各族人民夺取中国特色社会主义新胜利的政治宣言和行动纲领。
陕西将坚持文旅融合高质量发展,在发展社会主义先进文化、弘扬革命文化、传承中华优秀传统文化的过程中积极赋能旅游发展,大力发展红色旅游、绿色旅游、乡村旅游、智慧旅游、文明旅游,不断扩大开放水平,努力构建发展新格局,推动陕西建成传承中华优秀文化的世界级旅游目的地和国际文化旅游中心。
全面统筹整合旅游资源,科学优化旅游空间布局。开展全省旅游资源普查,全面摸清旅游资源家底,形成“五维合一”的成果体系,为旅游资源科学保护、合理开发提供基础依据。加快构建“一核四廊三区”文旅发展新格局。打造关中综合文化产业带、陕北民俗及红色文化产业带、陕南自然风光生态旅游产业带。依托黄帝陵、兵马俑、延安宝塔山、秦岭、华山等陕西文旅资源,打造一批闻名世界、国内一流的旅游集聚区。以长城、长征、黄河国家文化公园(陕西段)建设为契机,推动全省红色旅游资源保护利用体系建设,带动红色旅游发展。
实施重大项目带动战略,全面提升旅游发展水平。陕西将精准把握打造万亿级文旅产业和促进文旅消费的目标任务,推动七条文旅重点产业链建设,推进县域文旅产业发展,实施文化产业“十百千”工程,建设一批文化厚重、内涵丰富、特色鲜明、市场前景好的重点项目,培育一批富有陕西特色的世界级旅游景区和度假区,形成一批世界一流、全国领先、独具特色的文旅产业集群,增强文旅企业竞争力,提升发展能级。
加大优质产品和服务供给,更好满足人民群众的旅游需求。陕西将坚持旅游为民原则,以高品质供给推动旅游业高质量发展,大力发展乡村旅游、夜间旅游、康养旅游、房车露营等新兴业态,打造一批文化特色鲜明的旅游休闲城市和街区,推出一批特色鲜明的精品旅游线路,形成一批竞争力强的旅游商品。持续办好西安丝绸之路国际旅游博览会、陕西旅游商品大赛、西安国际文创产品创新创意大赛等大型活动,支持和鼓励社会力量广泛参与旅游商品研发推广,打造陕西旅游商品IP。秉持旅游便民利民理念,加强旅游基础服务设施建设,持续推动旅游景区智能化、信息化发展,完善旅游智能服务体系、便民惠民体系、安全保障体系和行政服务体系,提高游客满意度。
深化“旅游+”融合发展,促进旅游发展质量、效益双提升。近年来,陕西深化文旅融合,大力推进“旅游+”业态发展,大唐不夜城、袁家村乡村旅游、长安十二时辰主题街区等高品质业态成为旅游经济发展的新动能。陕西将坚持以文塑旅、以旅彰文,不断深化文旅融合发展,建立省级文化旅游产业融合实验区机制,统筹推进“一市一品”创建工作,打造一批地域特色鲜明的文旅融合示范区。创新推动“旅游+”发展,更好融合历史文化、自然生态、科技教育等元素,培优夜间观光、生态旅游、自驾露营、研学旅行等业态,推动旅游业向现代化、智慧化、品质化、国际化转型升级。抓紧实施文旅科技创新工程、上云用数赋智文旅试点、文旅产业赋能乡村振兴计划等融合创新发展重点工作,大力发展陕西特色文旅融合业态,赋能旅游业高质量发展。
主动服务外交大局,推动文化和旅游国际交流合作走深走实。党的二十大报告提出,坚守中华文化立场,提炼展示中华文明的精神标识和文化精髓,加快构建中国话语和中国叙事体系,讲好中国故事、传播好中国声音,展现可信、可爱、可敬的中国形象。文化和旅游国际交流合作在增进民心相通、提升国家形象、增强文化软实力等方面发挥着重要作用。陕西将坚定不移地参与“一带一路”高质量建设,创新观念、开拓思路、拓展方式,举办好丝绸之路国际艺术节、西安丝绸之路国际旅游博览会等重大国际交流活动,积极参与“欢乐春节”“云游中国”“中国文化周”等品牌活动,发挥好境外新媒体矩阵传播作用,宣传推介陕西省精品剧目、特色美食、非遗和旅游资源,促进中华文明与各国文明的交流,在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程上,奋力谱写陕西文化和旅游强省建设的新篇章。
(高阳 作者系陕西省文化和旅游厅党组书记、厅长)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)