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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

广东云浮：“政企村共建”做强村集体经济******

　　在广东省云浮市云安区富林镇生态养殖小区内，一栋栋鸡舍整齐排列，鸡舍内部自动喂料、送水等现代化设备正在高效运转。“这里的环境干净又卫生，我在这里工作3个月了，每个月工资3000多元，加上土地租金，收入没有受疫情影响反而增加了。”在富林镇养殖小区务工的村民李伙带告诉记者。

　　富林镇养殖小区是云浮市2022年兴建的17个“政企村共建”生态养殖小区之一，于2022年7月底实现投产，年出栏肉鸡288万羽，带动44个行政村年平均增加经营性纯收入6.3万元。

　　2022年以来，云浮市委、市政府为解决行政村村集体经济不平衡短板，在全市发起了发展壮大村级集体经济攻坚行动，实行党委领导、政府主导、市场推动、村村参与，通过政策撬动、产业驱动、政企村联动，构建“政企村共建”的发展壮大村集体经济新模式，不断增强村集体“造血功能”。

　　2022年10月中旬，新兴县新城镇大稳养殖小区、水台镇布茅养殖小区迎来首批共8.3万羽肉鸡出栏上市，并且在全市率先获得收益回报；11月中旬，全市首个回购成功的养殖小区——郁南县平台镇古龙塘养殖小区迎来首批5.1万羽肉鸡出栏上市。

　　目前，云浮市已统筹驻镇帮镇扶村资金、扶持发展村集体经济专项资金等系列资金，共投资7.73亿元推动17个“政企村共建”养殖小区项目落地建设。

　　据了解，在“政企村共建”发展模式下，平台公司每年按不少于总投资金额10%的比例获取固定收益，固定收益在扣除银行本息及固定资产折旧后，形成纯收入作为分红，由此平台公司每年可稳定获得占总投资额5%左右的纯收益。这样，15年的纯收益将达到6亿元左右，每年可为行政村村集体增加经营性收入达4000万元。

　　“平台公司与农业龙头企业协定，合作期满后养殖小区的资产和土地租赁期内的经营权等相关权益仍归平台公司所有继续经营。15年后，下‘蛋’的‘老母鸡’仍然归平台公司所有。”云浮市委书记卢荣春说，“政府主要是起到牵头搭台的作用，负责协调资金、用地以及建设或收购养殖小区，企业可马上养殖开展经营生产。”云浮市5个县（市、区）均已组建了国有投资平台公司作为项目投资和收益分配主体。

　　截至2022年底，全市已有70%以上的行政村集体经济组织年收入突破10万元。据测算，2023年起，云浮市所有行政村每年每村集体经济经营性年纯收入超过15万元。（本报记者 张建军）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）